In April 2016 the Dutch regional newspaper PZC reported a remarkable find: two rare almanacs turned out to have been used inside the binding of a seventeenth-century tax register from the archive of the Zeeland Chamber of Accounts (PZC, 22 April 2016). The conservator at the Zeeland Archives had been restoring the registers and discovered that the spines had been reinforced with old, cut-up almanacs — apparently unsold yearbooks that lost their value once the year had passed and were therefore reused as binding material.

I knew that Abraham Verniers had written an almanac around that same time, so at the end of 2024 I contacted the conservator. She confirmed: one of the two almanacs found was indeed Abraham's — the Middelburg Almanach for the year 1603, originally about 90 by 60 mm in size, found in the archive of the Zeeland Chamber of Accounts (Deposited Archives II, access number 512, inventory number 134). Bound in behind the almanac was also a prognostication from 1595.

In 2025, to mark its 25th anniversary, the Zeeland Archives published the magazine Een Zee van Tijd, which included an extensive description of this find (Zeeuws Archief, 2025, pp. 74–75). It shows that the two registers form part of the accounts series of the "ordinaris domeinen Bewesten Schelde" — in the Middle Ages the landholdings and rights of the Counts and Countesses of Zeeland, roughly corresponding to present-day central Zeeland. The series comes from the holdings of receiver-general Pieter van der Hooghe, who around 1600 was responsible for the financial management of these domains. The registers are bound in parchment (calfskin); normally, folded parchment or paper was used to stiffen such a spine, but for these two copies the bookbinder had cut small almanacs to size and bound them in — roughly a third of each almanac was trimmed off in the process.

Fragment van de Middelburgse Almanach van Abraham Verniers, 1603

Fragment of the almanac binding, recovered from the spine of a 17th-century tax register — photo: Zeeland Archives

Tweede fragment van de Middelburgse Almanach van Abraham Verniers, 1603

Second fragment, with traces of the original binding — photo: Zeeland Archives

The almanac was published by Barent Langenes in Middelburg, who besides being a publisher was also a bookseller with a shop on the Gravestraat, where he sold books, paper and maps. The little almanac was presumably printed by a well-known Haarlem printer, Gillis Rooman. The little almanac itself is bound in a small red binding, sheepskin dyed with madder, with strings (twisted strips of parchment) attached to the book block. The front cover is gold-stamped with the coat of arms of Zeeland, that of the First Noble (representative of the stadholder), and the towns of Middelburg, Goes, Vlissingen and Veere; originally, before the almanac was cut to size to fit the spine, Zierikzee, Reimerswaal and Tholen also appeared on it. The back cover bears the coat of arms of stadholder Prince Maurits.

Besides a calendar for 1603, the almanac contains medical information about the plague and useful remedies against it — fitting the astro-medical tradition in which medicine and astronomy were closely intertwined. One of these two halved almanacs turns out once to have been housed in a special, artfully decorated binding, described in the exhibition catalogue Catalogus goud en velijn: Middelburgse boekbanden van de 17de tot de 19de eeuw (Zeeuwse Bibliotheek Middelburg, 1992) (De Gulden Passer, 2013).

I had already come across Abraham earlier in the work of almanac historian Jeroen Salman. In Populair drukwerk in de Gouden Eeuw: De almanak als lectuur en handelswaar, Salman describes how Abraham Verniers' Middelburg Almanach for 1603, in defiance of a 1589 guild ordinance that no longer required this, still contained daily medical instructions and a bloodletting calendar — a striking example of the so-called astro-medical tradition. Salman also discusses this find from the Zeeland Archives in his book Een handdruk van de tijd: De almanak en het dagelijks leven in de Nederlanden, 1500–1700, and first described the copy scientifically in 1999. It also contains a detail not previously on this site: Abraham lived in Haarlem and called himself a distillateur (distiller) — an unusual occupation for an almanac compiler, but one of the many trades that occurred within the family (De Gulden Passer, 2013).

The second register from the same accounts series turned out to have another, younger almanac hidden in its spine — and identifying it is itself a small piece of detective work. Salman already suspected in 1999 that it was an almanac for 1604, but could not identify the author and therefore left the copy out of his catalogue. It was only researchers at De Gulden Passer (2013) who solved the puzzle: on the title page only the fragment "manicum" of the surname was legible, but when the originally halved booklet was taken apart, a small piece of that same title page turned out to have survived elsewhere — bearing, beneath the "n" of "Almanack", a loose "A". This led to the Amsterdam-based almanac compiler Ambrosius Germanicus, who called himself "Liefhebber der Astronomie" (Lover of Astronomy) and had an almanac printed almost every year from 1586 to 1609, nearly always by Cornelis Claesz. That it specifically concerned the year 1604 was confirmed by a "04" on the back of the title page, and double-checked via the moon-phase table for April, which predicts a new moon on 29 April — precisely the date on which it actually fell in 1604 (De Gulden Passer, 2013). After research, the binding containing Abraham's almanac was rebound into the spine; the other binding was deliberately left open, so that Ambrosius Germanicus's almanac remains visible and consultable.

The same researchers at De Gulden Passer also raise a question about Abraham himself: could he be a son of Jan Verniers, "Geometrist der stede van Gendt", who between 1587 and 1592 published several almanacs and prognostications in Ghent and Antwerp? That Jan Verniers is the same schoolmaster and land surveyor discussed in a separate Hidden Story. This is a question found mainly in older texts from the late nineteenth century. Independent research has since shown that Abraham is indeed a son of our stamvader Laurens Verniers — that much is established. Whether, through some other line, a connection nevertheless exists between the Ghent schoolmasters' family and our own remains a question under further investigation.

The name Verniers crops up more often in Salman's work, in connection with a group of almanac-writers who lived in Ghent and presumably had their almanacs printed in Antwerp. This fits with what is meanwhile known about the wider family: the Verniers were fleeing the Spanish Inquisition, with roots in Ghent or Antwerp. That is the subject of the Hidden Story about the Ghent schoolmasters.

Permission for a sharper version of the photos is still being requested from Jeroen Salman. Also read: Abraham Verniers: a life without heirs.