This story builds on the story of captain Pieter Vernier and, for the same reason, stands apart from our confirmed family line. It follows, day by day, the journal of Anthony Duyck — secretary of the Council of State, who closely followed the siege of Geertruidenberg in 1593 (Duyck, Journaal, part 1, book 1). Duyck consistently calls the commander-in-chief of the States' army "Sijne Excellentie" (His Excellency) — meaning Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau (1567–1625), stadtholder and, since 1588, commander-in-chief (captain-general) of the army of the Republic, and the central military figure of the Dutch Revolt in this period. Every mention of "His Excellency" in this story therefore refers to him personally.

What a "Commander of Geertruidenberg and Breda" was

The 1677 Dordrecht source calls Pieter Vernier "Kapitein van eene compagnie voetknechten ten dienste dezer Landen, Commandeur van Geertruydenberg en Breda" (Captain of a company of foot soldiers in the service of these Lands, Commander of Geertruidenberg and Breda) (Balen, p. 981). These were, in fact, two different levels of authority. As captain he held direct command of a single company of foot soldiers (infantry), at the time typically some 100 to 150 men, "ten dienste dezer Landen" — that is, officially in the service of the States-General or the States of Holland, the rebel government of the Republic. As commander (also called governor) of a fortress town, he additionally carried the military and administrative responsibility for that town's garrison: the upkeep and guarding of walls and gates, discipline among the men, the management of powder, weapons and food supplies, and cooperation with the town government in defence against the Spanish army. Geertruidenberg and Breda were, in these years, two of the most important fortress towns on the northern border of Brabant — Geertruidenberg had been sold to the Spanish by mutinous English mercenaries in 1589 and was only recaptured by Maurits in the summer of 1593 (the siege this story follows) (Source 66); Breda had been taken by Maurits in 1590 through the ruse of the peat barge (Turfschip). Command of the garrison of such frontier towns was usually entrusted to experienced officers. Duyck's journal shows that Vernier, as captain, indeed played an active, trusted role during the siege itself; exactly when and in what form he was appointed commander of both towns, Duyck does not record — that title is known only from the later Dordrecht source.

Did captain Vernier fall during this siege?

No — the sources do not show that. Captain Vernier is active throughout the entire siege: on 6 April he moves into the captured redoubt, his soldiers capture horses near Oosterhout (31 May) and take prisoners near Wasbeek (19 June), and after the fall of the town his company is sent to the garrison of Breda on 5 July 1593. Only after that does he disappear from Duyck's journal. The Breda burial register shows that a Peeter Vernier was buried in Breda on 2 September 1593 — not quite two months after his transfer there. And the Register of Holland and West Friesland for that same period records, dated 6 to 18 September 1593, the following nomination (Source 65) (shown here in the original Dutch, as a primary source):

Nominatie van het Capiteinschap van Vernier. Is geprocedeert tot nominatie van drie Persoonen, in plaatse van Capitein Vernier, en zijn bij de meeste stemmen genomineert, François Vernier, Charles Lambert en Guillaume Duyck, welke Nominatie zijne Excellentie is overgezonden.

That fits together exactly: his captaincy had to be filled one to two weeks after his burial, which almost certainly means the vacancy arose from his death. It is interesting that one of the three candidates for his succession is named François Vernier — apparently, then, a different person from captain Pieter Vernier himself, even though other sources sometimes use "Pieter" and "François" interchangeably for the same man. Possibly this is a son, brother or nephew who served in the same company. This deserves further research, but the answer to the question of whether Pieter fell in battle itself is: no, as far as the sources show he survived the siege and died some months later in his garrison town of Breda — cause unknown.

The campaign, mapped

Geertruidenberg belegerde stad Raamsdonk Oosterhout Made Drimmelen Breda garnizoen & sterfplaats, sept. 1593 Heusden Bommelerwaard

Schematic map of the main places from Duyck's journal, April–July 1593 (not to exact scale). The dotted line follows the route from the siege of Geertruidenberg to the garrison town of Breda and the later campaign to the Bommelerwaard.

The siege, day by day

Rendered into modern Dutch on the basis of Duyck's journal (Source 64); the names of people and places have been given in their recognisable form as far as possible (for example Oosterhout for "Osterhout", Made for the "Medesche wech").

5 April 1593

Early in the morning the garrison of Geertruidenberg fired fiercely on the States' troops stationed on the dyke; the States' side answered the fire from Lijndonk and the Gasthuisland with four cannon. There was no significant damage, but a few wounded. Around eight in the afternoon the enemy's small redoubt was summoned to surrender by Pauls Bacx, with a trumpeter of Prince Maurits ("His Excellency"). After negotiations, captain Vernier was sent into the redoubt as the States' negotiator, while a sergeant and a nobleman came to Maurits — who there pretended that Vernier himself had acted from within the fort. Maurits let it be known that the garrison could leave with weapons and baggage, provided not towards Geertruidenberg, and that they had to decide that same day. Eventually it was agreed they would depart for Antwerp, with their sergeant held hostage until the next day. In the afternoon 300 men of the regiments of Count Hendrik and Balfour marched to Raamsdonk, to cross that night by boat to the dyke and so stand watch on dry ground. During the night the approach to the town continued, and artillery pieces were placed near Lijndonk.

6 April 1593

Around nine in the morning the enemy left the small redoubt: 133 men remaining from various companies within Geertruidenberg, under command of captain Monsieur de Ton, escorted by some 30 horse of Chinsky, headed for Antwerp. In the redoubt were found 1000 pounds of gunpowder, munitions, two mortars, nine barrels of flour, over 300 loaves of bread and some beer, meat and salt. The defensive works turned out to be so strong that the fort could have held out for many more days — the surrender came about mainly because the garrison consisted of several, mutually poorly disciplined companies. In the evening captain Vernier moved into the redoubt with his company. Work continued on a new redoubt and on strengthening the trenches.

12 April 1593

While work on the fortifications continued, storm and rain turned into a dangerous rise of the water — so high that the entire army quarters were in danger of flooding. The company of the Scottish captain Niesbet was caught out by this: the enemy sallied out, killed about eight Scots and took eleven prisoner, among them two lieutenants and two sergeants; a further twenty were wounded. In the panic a standard-bearer tried to save his standard by pulling it away — but Count Van Hohenlohe, with some of Vernier's soldiers, had it planted upright again and reassured the troops, after which the enemy withdrew. Because of the high water, the fortification work had to be largely halted.

31 May 1593

Horsemen of Putlis captured 18 pack-horses of the enemy grazing outside Oosterhout in the morning; shortly after, Vernier's soldiers captured a further eight horses and took two German guards prisoner. Later that day Count Van Hohenlohe, with about 150 men, laid a mine near the Stelhoff redoubt to lure out the enemy — the explosion caused little damage, and in the ensuing clash three States' soldiers were killed and captain Vijch was wounded and captured. Lord Vere also marched out with 300 Englishmen for a skirmish, without result. During the night a secret, failed approach by enemy troops caused great alarm in the States' camp, but no engagement followed.

3 June 1593

Captured enemy soldiers revealed a plan by Count Van Mansfelt to smuggle powder and surgeons into the besieged town via the Drimmelen canal; the States' water guards were warned. Intercepted letters, brought by ritmeester Edmont from Breda, revealed that two enemy officers had fallen and that the garrison itself no longer hoped for relief — the town would have to be surrendered "with little honour". During the night a planned raid on the camp where Vernier was stationed failed due to a misunderstanding by Count Van Hohenlohe. That same night a note was thrown from the town stating that the governor was dead, that only 500 soldiers remained and that munitions were running low — possibly a ruse, possibly true; no certainty was reached.

19 June 1593

Seven of Vernier's soldiers, lying in ambush at night between Wasbeek and 's-Gravenmoer, captured eight enemy soldiers who had gone out to fetch straw; one Spaniard was killed, the rest taken prisoner. The prisoners told of large-scale desertion in the enemy army due to poverty. In the evening the town's garrison made a fierce sortie via the Brandpoort, which was repulsed — with three dead and several wounded on the States' side. This evening marks the last concrete action in the surviving fragment before the fall of the town.

1 July 1593 — the march to the Bommelerwaard

After the fall of Geertruidenberg the campaign shifted to the Bommelerwaard. Troops gathered near Heel and Ammerzoden; Count Van Hohenlohe advanced further via Heusden and Elshout. Heavy storms delayed the ship transports. Important for this story: "the company of Rijswijck moved into the redoubt at the Steelhoffsendijk, because Vernier had departed with the regiment of Count Philips" — so Vernier's company left the area around Geertruidenberg.

5 July 1593

While the main army remained near Vlijmen and Hedel, several companies were sent to permanent garrisons: Liere to Zevenbergen, Boucholt to Nijmegen, Barnevelt to Voorne, Hoboocken to Bergen op Zoom — and Vernier to Breda. This is the last mention of captain Vernier in the surviving fragment of Duyck's journal. Two months later he was dead.

Also read the full story of Pieter Vernier →, with his marriage, family, and the question of a possible noble origin from Mechelen.