The Verniers family coat of arms has been hand-drawn twice over time. The oldest example is the ex libris of R.M. Verniers, drawn in the 1970s by Karel van den Sigtenhorst. Recently, the coat of arms was drawn anew, in high resolution, by heraldic artist Piet Bultsma-Vos. Below are both versions side by side.

Familiewapen Verniers, handgetekend door Piet Bultsma-Vos

New drawing, Piet Bultsma-Vos (A3, signed; private library)

Ex libris R.M. Verniers, handgetekend door Karel van den Sigtenhorst

Ex libris of R.M. Verniers, Karel van den Sigtenhorst (1970s)

Both drawings show the same coat of arms: a per-pale (vertically divided) shield with a black eagle on gold on the left, and, on the right, above three red beans on silver, a red field with a white claw. Above the helmet are a crown and the crest: an armoured arm whose fist holds an instrument. Crest, crown and red-and-white mantling recur in both versions, though the precise execution differs by artist and period.

Interpretation of the symbols

The coat of arms was first demonstrably borne by the family around 1680 in Weesp, after a period of fleeing from the violence of war. At that time the family were administrators, surgeons and merchants, and enjoyed standing — among other things as heemraad (water-board official) of Muiden. The coat of arms is depicted on the silver hensbeker (ceremonial cup) of the Hoogheemraadschap of Zeeburg and Diemerdijk (the predecessor of today's Waterschap Amstel, Gooi en Vecht), made in 1717 by silversmith Jan Lankhorst. The lid of this cup bears the inscription "Adversus mare luctor" ("struggling, I wrestle with the sea"), carried by the Roman sea god Neptune; at the base are the sea, sea creatures and the four points of the compass, and on the lid a lion holds the arms of Holland and Utrecht. When the water authority had to hand in silver in 1795 to have it struck into coins, the board chose to buy back the cup rather than have it melted down — this is how it survived, and today it stands in the office of Waterschap AGV. Piet Bultsma-Vos's new drawing was deliberately brought into line with this older depiction of the coat of arms.

Detail of the hensbeker of the Hoogheemraadschap of Zeeburg and Diemerdijk: the coat of arms of the Verniers family, engraved with the date 12 June 1694 and the name "K. Verniers, Hoog Heemraed". See the full story of this cup at Waterschap Amstel, Gooi en Vecht.

A second document confirms this position in the administration: a painted board titled "Wapens en Naamen der Heeren Dykgraven, Hoogheemraaden en Secretarissen, van den Zeeburg en Diemerdijk, sedert den jaare 1675" (Arms and names of the lords dike-reeves, water-board officials and secretaries of Zeeburg and Diemerdijk, since the year 1675). The board shows, arranged by place, the small coat-of-arms shields and names of all dike-reeves, water-board officials and secretaries of the water authority from 1675 onward. Under the water-board officials of Muiden are the names and family coats of arms of Cornelis Verniers, Pieter Verniers and Willem Verniers.

"Wapens en Naamen der Heeren Dykgraven, Hoogheemraaden en Secretarissen, van den Zeeburg en Diemerdijk, sedert den jaare 1675" (shown here in the original Dutch, as a primary source).

Detail of the Muiden row, with the names and coats of arms of the water-board officials.

The shield. The shield is divided per pale: a vertical line splits it into two equal fields. The bracket shape (accolade) used in both drawings — rectangular, with a rounded notch at the bottom — only came into use at the end of the eighteenth century and remains widely used to this day.

The Frisian eagle (left half). A black eagle on a gold field filling half of a per-pale shield is a specifically named motif in Dutch heraldry: the Frisian eagle. The oldest known coats of arms with this figure date from the early sixteenth century, when Friesland was under the authority of the City of Groningen and the Saxon and East Frisian counts; after the Habsburg annexation of Friesland the motif spread further. In the seventeenth century Frisian farming families and legal families — so not exclusively nobility — also bore the Frisian eagle, and by the eighteenth century its use was so widespread that heraldists speak of it as a "sunken cultural good": a motif originally reserved for a particular class that became broadly common property. A frequently heard explanation that the eagle would refer to a medieval judicial or grietman's office, or to the Imperial Eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, is no longer endorsed by the Fryske Rie foar Heraldyk — evidence for it is lacking. Generally, the eagle stands in heraldry for strength, power and authority. In the classic description the Frisian eagle usually fills the right half of a per-pale shield; in the Verniers coat of arms this is mirrored to the left half.

The claw (right half). Above the three beans, in the red field, is a claw. Generally, a grasping claw stands in heraldry for strength and authority, tenacity, resilience and courage, and can represent a victory or triumph over an opponent. My working hypothesis is that the claw refers to the family's success in a time of religious persecution, war and flight: as a Mennonite refugee family it built a new, successful existence in the Northern Netherlands and eventually reached the governing class — a triumph over circumstances, not over a specific enemy. I formulated this explanation myself on the basis of the circumstances of the time; a source confirming it has not (yet) been found. In Bultsma-Vos's new drawing, the claw and the three beans, unlike in Karel van den Sigtenhorst's ex libris, are oriented to match the earliest known depiction of the coat of arms, on the hensbeker.

The crest: the arm with fist and instrument. Another element of the coat of arms is not in the shield but towers above the helmet: an armoured arm whose fist holds an instrument. Arm and claw are therefore two different figures — the claw belongs to the shield, the arm to the crest. An armoured arm or fist is a common crest in heraldry and generally stands for strength, resolve and protection.

The instrument: a cauterizing iron. The instrument in the fist of the crest is presumably a cauterizing iron, a red-hot iron used to sear wounds shut, which surgeons also used as a "bloodless knife" to cut without much loss of blood — a use already described by the Roman physician Galen (c. 138–203 AD). This detail does not appear to occur in the oldest known depiction of the coat of arms and was presumably only added by Karel van den Sigtenhorst. In the new drawing it has been deliberately kept, as a tribute to the surgeons and the apothecary's shop the family ran in Weesp — and, at least as much, to the work R.M. Verniers put in during the 1970s to uncover this family history, long before the era of digitized archives.

The three beans. Three is a popular number in heraldry: two above and one below fill a shield field with a wide top and narrower bottom well, and three repeated figures look richer than a single one. My working hypothesis is that the beans refer to the administrative standing the family reached in Weesp. This explanation, too, is one I formulated myself to interpret the coat of arms from the situation of the time; confirmation in the sources is (still) lacking. The idea behind it: beans were literally used in some towns for the boneloting (bean drawing), the lottery by which (wealthy, prominent) citizens — boongangers — were appointed as magistrate (boonheer), using white and brown beans; the gathering after such a drawing was called the boonmael. Read more about the settlement in Weesp →

Colours. In heraldic tradition, red (gules) is generally associated with courage and bravery, and gold (or) with greatness, wealth and power — associations more often treated as rules of thumb than as fixed law, since strictly speaking no heraldic colour has a universally fixed meaning.

Helmet, crown and mantling. The barred helmet above the shield has traditionally been the most commonly used helmet form in Dutch heraldry and became a fixed part of the coat of arms from the fourteenth century onward. The mantling — the slashed cloth hanging from the helmet alongside the shield — goes back to a piece of fabric worn over the helmet for protection against the sun.

Sources: rinkes.nl — Heraldiek; H.K. Nagtegaal, Heraldisch vademecum, Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, 2003; Waterschap Amstel, Gooi en Vecht — De hensbeker 300 jaar.

About Piet Bultsma-Vos

The recent drawing was made by Piet Bultsma-Vos, heraldic artist and founder of Heraldisch Atelier Bultsma. Bultsma-Vos has been engaged in heraldry since the 1970s, initially as a hobby alongside a regular job. Since the early 1990s he has done this full-time, under the name Heraldisch Atelier Bultsma — all his work is painted, drawn and designed by hand. He has received commissions from, among others, the Order of Malta, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Chancellery of the Netherlands Orders, and was appointed in the 1990s as coat-of-arms artist for the Hoge Raad van Adel (High Council of Nobility) — responsible, among other things, for the arms on the last parchment nobility diplomas. Various municipalities and water boards also have a coat-of-arms diploma made by him. Since 2012 he has been a member of the Society of Heraldic Arts.

Source: wapenschilder.nl — Heraldisch Atelier Bultsma

About Karel van den Sigtenhorst

The older ex libris was drawn by Karel van den Sigtenhorst (The Hague, 22 July 1925 — 20 November 2014), a Dutch coat-of-arms artist. He trained as a commercial artist at the Academy of Fine Arts in The Hague, but afterwards devoted himself mainly to heraldry, with former colonel J.C.P.W.A. Steenkamp as his mentor. In 1943 he won joint second prize in the Rietstap competition, together with Paul van Alff, his later predecessor as coat-of-arms artist at the Hoge Raad van Adel. From 1947 until his death, Van den Sigtenhorst was himself coat-of-arms artist for the Hoge Raad van Adel and the Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, and supplied countless coat-of-arms drawings for the annual editions of the Nederland's Adelsboek and Nederland's Patriciaat.

Source: Wikipedia — Karel van den Sigtenhorst